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December 12, 2003 [feather]
The Grinch who stopped hate

Responding to my morning post, a reader kindly sends the link to PSU's Report Hate page, which features an image that must replicate the one in the signs. Michelangelo and Dr. Seuss must be turning in their graves at the appropriation--and fusion--of their imagery. Papa Smurf may be a bit befuddled, too.

Meanwhile, a reader who is also an English professor writes with some reflections on the language of the nationwide anti-hate campaign:


One thing I've been thinking about for a while now, probably because I'm an English teacher. When and why did the speech-code and diversity crowds substitute the verb "hate" for the noun "hatred," a step that's all but obliterated what seems to me to have been a perfectly good way to differentiate between these two words? I've puzzled through this, trying to think of a reason why "hate" is better than "hatred," but I can't figure it out. Is it because one-syllable words have more impact than two-syllable words? Does hatred sound fussy or old-fashioned? Obviously, saying hate instead of hatred opens up all sorts of rhyming possibilities at publicly-funded universities--but is it something more than that? Any thoughts?

My guess is that "hate" has replaced "hatred" because it is a word that that casts a state of mind as an event, and thus makes that state of mind more amenable to attack (by laws, policies, or simply by campus activism) as a type of violent action (it is a short distance from the concept of hate crime to the concept of hate as a crime unto itself). It's an extension of the pro-speech code logic that casts offensive speech as damaging action by claiming that "words wound." But that's just off the top. I welcome responses--epistemological, philosophical, etymological, etc.--from readers. I'll post what comes in.

UPDATE: John Rosenberg, author of Discriminations, writes,


Interesting question (why hate instead of hatred), interesting answer. I think youíre on the right track. Its victory must have something to do with the fact that ěhate,î unlike ěhatred,î can be a noun (filled with hate), a verb (I hate you), or an adjective (hate speech, although arguably ěhate speechî is a noun). Of those, the verbiness, the association with action, is probably the most important. Hate Speech, the typical target, is thus viewed more as a speech act than as a vessel holding some particular content. Turning to the PSU poster, urging someone to ěReport Hatredî would make some overly sensitive souls squeamish (and properly so); they might be somewhat bothered if there were enough remaining residue of their former liberalism to be troubled over being asked to snoop around and turn people in because of certain thoughts and attitudes they entertained privately and silently. But ask that same person to report ěHate,î and there are likely to be no such reservations because ěhateî is so closely associated with the reality or maybe just possibility of action. Itís nipping potential violence in the bud.

We should be careful ourselves, however, about making too much of this speech-action dichotomy, lest we talk ourselves into a position where we canít defend affirmative action bake sales because theyíre not ěspeech.î (Post on this, based on FIREís press release etc., coming shortly).


Thanks for writing. I'll post more as it comes in.

UPDATE: Maurice Black points out that it is technically correct to use "hate" as a noun, and gives the definition from Webster's Collegiate Dictionary:


Main Entry: hate
Pronunciation: 'hAt
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hete; akin to
Old High German haz hate, Greek kEdos care
Date: before 12th century
1 a : intense hostility and aversion usually deriving from fear, anger, or sense of injury
b : extreme dislike or antipathy : (had a great hate of hard work)
2 : an object of hatred (a generation whose finest hate had been big business -- F. L. Paxson)

Another reader runs with the idea that the anti-hate crowd prefers "hate" to "hatred" because it is a more active-sounding usage, offering the following interpretation of PSU's "Hate Activity Report":

Feeling bold, I went to the PSU web site you linked, and clicked on the 2001-2002 Hate Activity Report, which alternately employs two phrases--"hate activity" and "acts of intolerance" (these are identical?)--to refer to everything from incidents "in which the target(s) were slightly concerned or annoyed about the incident to those where the target(s) felt physically threatened and feared for their safety" (i.e., there's now no difference between annoyance and assault). This goes a long way toward confirming what both you and John said--that using the verb in place of all the other forms of the word collapses states of mind and being into actions. The more grammatically precise phrases "hateful activity" or even "intolerant acts" sound too qualified, even waffling, as if an adjective necessarily weakens its noun.

It's interesting that the dictionary defines hate as a feeling deriving from fear, anger, or a sense of injury. That's an exact description of how PSU's Hate Report describes "acts of intolerance" making people feel. PSU's description of how victims react to alleged "hate activity" (with feelings of fear, anger, sense of injury) is intimately connected, at least as far as Webster's is concerned, to the origins of hate itself (in feelings of fear, anger, sense of injury). It's an interesting correlation, one that suggests 1) that the Stop Hate initiative may itself be creating hate; and 2) that hate may itself be manifestation of the hater's prior victimization. Perhaps the Stop Hate crowd should take a moment to feel haters' pain.

posted on December 12, 2003 6:50 PM