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June 13, 2008 [feather]
I have a dream

I dreamed about Barack Obama last night. He was competing for the presidency, which was being run as a gymnastics meet. Most of my dreams slide out of reach soon after I wake up, and most of this one did, too. But one image has remained vivid through my morning coffee: Barack Obama, sheathed in a bright red spandex bodysuit, absolutely nailing his beam routine. He even sticks the landing. It's quite a sight.

So I took it as a sign this morning when I saw that David Brooks had devoted his column to Obama's position--or lack thereof--on education. Here's what Brooks has to say:


Is Barack Obama really a force for change, or is he just a traditional Democrat with a patina of postpartisan rhetoric?

That question is surprisingly hard to answer. When you listen to his best speeches, you see a person who really could herald a new political era. But when you look into his actual policies, you often find a list of orthodox liberal programs that no centrist or moderate conservative would have any reason to support.

To investigate this question, I looked more closely into Obama's education policies. Education is a good area to probe because Obama knows a lot about it, and because there are two education camps within the Democratic Party: a status quo camp and a reform camp. The two camps issued dueling strategy statements this week.

The status quo camp issued a statement organized by the Economic Policy Institute. This report argues that poverty and broad social factors drive high dropout rates and other bad outcomes. Schools alone can’t combat that, so more money should go to health care programs, anti-poverty initiatives and after-school and pre-K programs. When it comes to improving schools, the essential message is that we need to spend more on what we’re already doing: smaller class sizes, better instruction, better teacher training.

The reformist camp, by contrast, issued a statement through the Education Equality Project, signed by school chiefs like Joel Klein of New York, Michelle Rhee of Washington, Andres Alonso of Baltimore as well as Al Sharpton, Mayor Cory Booker of Newark and experts like Andrew Rotherham, the former Clinton official who now writes the Eduwonk blog.

The reformists also support after-school and pre-K initiatives. But they insist school reform alone can make a big difference, so they emphasize things the status quo camp doesn't: rigorous accountability and changing the fundamental structure of school systems.

Today's school systems aren't broken, the reformers argue. They were designed to meet the needs of teachers and adults first, and that's exactly what they are doing. It's time, though, to put the interests of students first.

The reformers want to change the structure of the system, not just spend more on the same old things. Tough decisions have to be made about who belongs in the classroom and who doesn't. Parents have to be given more control over education through public charter schools. Teacher contracts and state policies that keep ineffective teachers in the classroom need to be revised. Most importantly, accountability has to be rigorous and relentless. No Child Left Behind has its problems, but it has ushered in a data revolution, and hard data is the prerequisite for change.

The question of the week is: Which camp is Barack Obama in?

His advisers run the gamut, and the answer depends in part on what month it is. Back in October 2005, Obama gave a phenomenal education speech in which he seemed to ally with the reformers. Then, as the campaign heated up, he shifted over to pure union orthodoxy, ripping into accountability and testing in a speech in New Hampshire in a way that essentially gutted the reformist case. Then, on May 28 in Colorado, he delivered another major education speech in which he shifted back in a more ambiguous direction.

In that Colorado speech, he opened with a compelling indictment of America's school systems. Then he argued that the single most important factor in shaping student achievement is the quality of the teachers. This seemed to direct him in the reformist camp's direction, which has made them happy.

But when you look at the actual proposals Obama offers, he doesn't really address the core issues. He's for the vast panoply of pre-K and after-school programs that most of us are for. But the crucial issues are: What do you do with teachers and administrators who are failing? How rigorously do you enforce accountability? Obama doesn't engage the thorny, substantive matters that separate the two camps.

He proposes dozens of programs to build on top of the current system, but it’s not clear that he would challenge it. He's all carrot, no stick.


If Brooks were in a different mood, he might classify Obama's as bobo politics. Certainly his stance on education has the feel of bobo (bourgeois-bohemian) style--it's slick, chic, attractive, adjustable, accessible without being terribly substantive; it dabbles without depth and changes as the wind does; it's hard to pin down, but it looks good, and it seems, on the surface, to have a bit of substance; it appears to be oriented around reform--but when you get right down to it, it's utterly embedded in and indebted to the establishment.

Brooks notes that while the bobo outlook tends to be innocuous or even, at times, socially and economically beneficial, it can be a real problem when it comes to religion, scholarship, and politics:


I have chapters about consumption and business, where I'm mostly positive. But then I have chapters about the effect on our intellectual life, our religious life and our political life, and there, there are real problems. Religious life, for example. I ran across a rabbi in Montana who describes his faith as "flexidoxy," which is a great phrase for bobo morality, because it starts with the bohemian urge to be flexible, freedom, be autonomous. But then it says, "well, I don't want too much autonomy, I want ritual, I want order in my life, I want roots." And so there's also orthodoxy mixed in. And so he's trying to ... many bobos are trying to build a foundation of obligation, build a structure of obligation, on a foundation of choice. And they sort of mush things together. Politically, also--you get Bill Clinton, who's an ultimate bobo, mixing the left and the right, anti-ideological turning. They're all into such an ideological mush, and it's an unsatisfying style of politics.

That's from a 2000 interview, so Clinton is Brooks' point of reference. But it takes on a special new resonance now, as we try to sort through what Obama actually means when he invokes the nebulous ideal of "change."

On a slightly different note--one of the most thought-provoking and inspiring things I've read lately on education is John Taylor Gatto's Dumbing Us Down. Well worth a look--as is his 2003 Harper's article--especially if you are feeling that the debates are getting stale, and that even the reform movement is showing a tendency to lose the plot.

posted on June 13, 2008 8:38 AM




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Comments:

a silly statement by Brooks:

"No Child Left Behind has its problems, but it has ushered in a data revolution, and hard data is the prerequisite for change."

The fact is there were plenty of data before NCLB. And you know what? If anything, the data show that improvement by several criteria -- achievement as measured by test scores, closing the gap between whites and minorities on tests -- slowed after NCLB. That's right, NCLB is a failure failed by its own lights.

And what's with Brooks, supposedly a conservative, siding with the ongoing federal takeover of K-12 education? Is there the slightest evidence that this "reform" is doing any good?

Posted by: Mike at June 13, 2008 9:33 AM



"siding with the ongoing federal takeover of K-12 education?"...federal money for education is not exactly a new thing. Seems to me it is highly imprudent for the federal government to hand out money for education (or anything else) without standards of performance and accountability for how that money is spent.

Posted by: david foster at June 13, 2008 9:46 AM



Brooks has an amazingly dull mind. He splits a debate engaged from countless positions into a simplistic dualism -- status-quo vs. reform -- and then concludes that Obama must be in an ideological muddle because he doesn't carve the debate into the same simplistic dualism.

Walk into any school, talk to any group of teachers, and you'll encounter an amazing panoply of takes on education. The so-called status-quo does not adhere to a unified position paper. And the reformers seek to transform education from a vast spectrum of ideological positions, ranging from libertarian futurists to junk Marxist social crusaders to tweed-suit spare-the-rod-atarians.

Might Obama at once support unions *and* want accountability? Might he not support the end of accountability and testing while rightly criticizing the stupidity of NCLB's means? Might he -- wait for it -- think that children can fail both because of poor teaching and horrible living conditions? (Might he not suspect that so often schools in bad neighborhoods find it hard to attract the most talented teachers, that the two issues go hand in hand, even if simpletons like Brooks insist on either/ors that, in Jay-Z's phrase, couldn't burst a grape in a fruit fight?) And might Obama not address certain local issues (how to fire school employees) because to do so would mean getting instantly labeled a liberal facist control freak?

Posted by: Luther Blissett at June 13, 2008 2:16 PM



Erin,
Why limit your marvelous description to just his stance on education. Expand it to cover HIM:

Obama's slick, chic, attractive, adjustable, accessible without being terribly substantive; he dabbles without depth and changes as the wind does; he's hard to pin down, but he looks good, and he seems, on the surface, to have a bit of substance; he appears to be oriented around reform--but when you get right down to it, he's utterly embedded in and indebted to the establishment.

Posted by: dossier at June 13, 2008 3:32 PM



Federal money for education is not new, but NCLB represented a breathtaking power grab. Basically, the federal government is setting the curriculum for the whole country now. With a very modest input of funds, I might add.

Of course, there should be accountability, but NCLB is the dumbest kind of accountability.

There is also accountability for dumb government moves. I hope that those responsible for NCLB will get their heads handed to them come November.

Posted by: Mike at June 13, 2008 4:05 PM



The NCLB represents the Bush administration's attempt to reform K-12 education by playing to the political center--that is, attempting to lure liberals on education policy with money allocated to states and administered through a federal bureaucracy while trying also to attract conservatives with accountability measures based on test scores and demographic tracking statistics. I'm not acquainted with Mike's sources for his extravagant claims the NCLB has actually exacerbated the problems it was designed to correct, but I do detect the familiar odor of invincible parti pris negativism toward any Bush administration program.

Familiar also is the claim that the NCLB's federal trough is just too small for the multitudes of hungry "educrat" snouts. How such venal educators and their political mouthpieces could have sustained this mantra-like drone ("not enough . . . never enough . . .") for decades--during which US expenditures per pupil have been among the world's highest yet results among industrialized- world nations the most pitiful--merely demonstrates their rhetorical tenacity, not their commitment to real change or reform (e.g., taking on the teachers' unions and ed shakedown mafias, establishing voucher systems, etc.).

Empty rhetoric about change and reform coupled with threadbare and baseless appeals for more federal money for more programs has found its best ad-lib expositor in the empty vessel that is Barack Obama.

Posted by: J A DeLater at June 13, 2008 6:54 PM



J.A. DeLater -- you really need to learn to read what other people write, rather than reading in what you want to imagine them to say.

I didn't say that NCLB "exacerbated the problems". Here is what I said:

"the data show that improvement by several criteria -- achievement as measured by test scores, closing the gap between whites and minorities on tests -- slowed after NCLB."

That's right, "improvement". I'm not aware that that is a synonym for "exacerbation". Test scores were improving before NCLB. The rate of improvement slowed down after NCLB. Where did I get that? A nice graph in the Wall St. Journal a few months back. Is that an odoriferous source from the educrat (pig)pen? I guess I stand exposed.

You also completely misread my point about federal money. It is that federal support for K-12 schools is actually a rather small proportion of their budgets. That the federal government has leveraged a relatively small contribution into unprecedented and unwarranted control. Does that sound like a brief from an educrat for more federal money? I would think that could have come from Ronald Reagan or even Barry Goldwater. But I guess conservatism has changed over the years, and it no longer qualifies.

By the way I voted twice for Bush, and will probably hold my nose and vote for McCain. But if it was just a matter of support for NCLB, I would vote for Obama.

Is Obama merely an empty vessel? Then Republicans and conservatives don't have that much to fear. Somehow, I detect some agitation in the barnyard, and not just in the pigpen.

Posted by: Mike at June 14, 2008 8:22 AM



My response to Mike's claims about the failure of the NCLB was to the implication that the NCLB had somehow slowed the rate of progress on general test scores and on minorities' test performances in particular, or in other words, retarded the rate of progress, or in other other words, exacerbated the problem. Perhaps he meant to say only that it's a failure because it's ineffectual and intrusive.

And on the money issue, I thought Mike referred to the numerous complaints issued by state departments of education that the US Department of Education's grants to states to administer the tests and collect the data were too small. Apparently he meant the total federal contribution.

The odd part of this is that I too have had misgivings about the NCLB and even about the shaky constitutional grounds for federal funding and control of K-12 education at all.

I'd be interested in knowing what measures of accountability Mike favors ("Of course, there should be accountability . . ."), but perhaps I just didn't read him closely enough. . ..

Posted by: J A DeLater at June 14, 2008 3:51 PM



"it's a failure because it's ineffectual and intrusive."

I would say that's a fair summary. Whether NCLB is what has slowed the rate of progress (on the NAEP tests, that's the WSJ graph I was referring to, it's easy to find graphs like it on the web), I wouldn't dare to say, but it certainly doesn't seem to have helped, which means that it isn't demonstrably achieving its goals.

On money: I was referring to the total federal contribution. It's a surprisingly small fraction of total K-12 spending. The fraction probably has gone up with the help of the Bush administration, another reason for conservatives not to be thrilled with Bush.

Most of the money seems to go for "special situations" e.g. "special needs" students, low-income districts plus "innovations" like NCLB, special math and reading programs, etc etc. Perhaps some of this, especially the special education and low-income is worthwhile. A lot of it I think is not, or is harmful.

How one makes these programs "accountable" is a tough question, except that the money redistribution is pretty straightforward, a matter mostly of making sure the money is spent as intended. I'm not a huge fan of gearing everything to national tests, which seems to be the best that anyone has come up with. I grew up in the era when the attitude was pretty much have good schools, pretty traditional schools with some beefing up of math and science, and the tests will take care of themselves. Then along came a big "reform" push and the test scores went over the edge.

NCLB has sort of hoist itself on its own petard. i.e. the obsession with test performance and the relative performance of different ethnic and racial groups, especially the abysmal performance of certain groups. (The latter is mostly what NCLB was about, in my opinion).

As I said in my original post, BY ITS OWN LIGHTS the NCLB program has been unsuccessful. And you don't have to get this from the NEA or AFT; Charles Murrary has written about this, or one can just look at the NAEP data and draw one's own conclusions.

So by all means, let's have accountability. If NCLB had been a shining success, I would be happy to give up my original misgivings about it. But success is not what I see.

Posted by: Mike at June 15, 2008 9:58 AM