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October 6, 2009 [feather]
Crossing the line in the classroom

American University communications professor Gemma Puglisi devotes a Chronicle of Higher Ed column to how she turned her freshman comp class into an activist workshop:


I never thought that preparing a simple writing course would change my life and that of my students.

In the summer of 2007, as I geared up to teach "Public Communication" in the fall, I was going through the ritual of scouring newspapers for ideas and topics when I ran across a disturbing article. It described the legal difficulties of Troy Davis, a man on death row in Georgia who was awaiting execution the following day. The article said Davis had always maintained his innocence. As I continued reading I was troubled to hear that he had been on death row for nearly 18 years, found guilty of killing a police officer. The article said that, while Davis was convicted on the testimony of nine witnesses, seven of the them had since recanted and one was believed to be the murderer. There was no DNA evidence in the case, and many people were supporting Davis and pleading for his life, including Pope Benedict XVI, Desmond Tutu, and Sister Helen Prejean.

I barely slept that night. The next day, I was relieved to discover that, within hours of being executed, Davis had been granted a stay. That's when I knew my students would have an important project to work on that fall semester.

As soon as I got to school, I began making calls. One call to Amnesty International led to other calls to Davis's supporters. Amnesty also suggested I contact Davis's sister, Martina Correia. Before I could, she called me. Her passion and love for her brother moved me deeply. Speaking out about her brother's case has been her focus, despite her own battle with breast cancer.

After several conversations, I asked Martina if my writing students could help in some way. One thing led to another, and the course began to take shape. Our first activity was to designate a particular class session as "Troy Davis day." Students signed petitions to support a new trial and created birthday cards and posters for the 39-year-old. One student put together YouTube birthday messages that were later read over the phone to him by Martina on his birthday.

More important, the students wrote letters on Davis's behalf to the Supreme Court of Georgia and to Georgia lawmakers. They also wrote to Hillary Rodham Clinton, then a U.S. senator and presidential candidate, regarding the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act signed by President Clinton. The act limited Davis's ability to appeal his conviction. Basically, prosecutors were using the act to argue that it was "too late to present the recantations as evidence."

But my students' work did not end there. They wrote pitches to the news media seeking coverage of the story, and essays that they sent out to newspapers throughout the country. They started a blog, called "14 Grads" (there were 14 students in my course), to express their feelings about class work and Troy. Students also corresponded with the death-row inmate and learned about his struggles and his life behind bars.

Their passion led me to attend a march in Savannah supporting Davis. But it all came together when I actually had the opportunity to meet him. My two hours with Troy prompted me to write my own opinion column for The Atlanta Journal-Constitution on the day of a Georgia Supreme Court hearing on his case.

Troy was overwhelmed by the students' efforts and felt they made enormous contributions to his case. He didn't expect people outside his own family to care about his situation. He thought young people were more interested in "partying and going to clubs." At our meeting, he told me, "It shows me that there is humanity left in this world."

Perhaps the most moving day for the students was the last day of class. As we were putting together a book of all the work we had done over the course of the semester, Martina walked into the classroom to surprise the students. She had flown in from Savannah to be with us. Troy had asked that she personally thank the students for everything they had done. As she made her way around the room, hugging each student, she expressed the impact each of them had had on Troy's life. Yes, it was simply a class, but they took a risk by helping someone they knew only through the media.

Martina also told the students about a lawmaker who had initially refused to talk with her about her brother's plight. Since the students' efforts, however, that same lawmaker had pulled her aside at a function and said she was "receiving a lot of letters in Washington about Troy." Now the lawmaker wanted to talk about the case.


I don't know anything about Troy Davis. I'm willing to accept, for the sake of argument, Puglisi's description of him as wronged. Regardless, she had no business turning a course that was supposed to center on writing into a group advocacy campaign where the conclusions and the agenda are predetermined, and connected to the grade. Puglisi's column glows with sentimental pride in a pedagogy that turned a writing course into a political endeavor and that converted her students to change agents.

"The entire experience has made me re-examine my own teaching," she writes. "What role do we as professors have in our classrooms? Is it appropriate for us to use politics as a pedagogical tool? Do we have the right to use our classrooms for activism?"

Her answer is yes.

"I'm a firm believer that students learn best when applying everything they know to real life--especially in the communications field," she continues. "I took a risk in making Troy's case part of my course. But I taught the course as a professor and practitioner of communications. It was not a law course. It was a writing course, and that is how I approached it."

There is much to be said for fighting to ensure due process and to defend those we believe have been falsely accused. But Puglisi should have done it on her own time. The fact that she might have been on the side of the angels on this one doesn't justify her abuse of pedagogical privilege.

Here's what the AAUP had to say on this subject, all the way back in 1915, in its founding document:


The university teacher, in giving instruction upon controversial matters, while he is under no obligation to hide his own opinion under a mountain of equivocal verbiage, should, if he is fit for his position, be a person of a fair and judicial mind; he should, in dealing with such subjects, set forth justly, without suppression or innuendo, the divergent opinions of other investigators; he should cause his students to become familiar with the best published expressions of the great historic types of doctrine upon the questions at issue; and he should, above all, remember that his business is not to provide his students with ready-made conclusions, but to train them to think for themselves, and to provide them access to those materials which they need if they are to think intelligently.

Troy Davis would have made a great subject of study for her course. But her students did not study him--they acted as agents of her agenda on his behalf.

posted on October 6, 2009 8:24 AM




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Comments:

This is one of the rare things about which Erin, Stanley Fish, and I all agree. Academics need to learn to "save the world on their own time."

Posted by: Peter Shoemaker at October 6, 2009 2:35 PM



"Yes, it was simply a class, but they took a risk by helping someone they knew only through the media."

What risk did they take? The risk of getting a good grade in the class?

People who volunteer to go to Afghanistan take risks. People who live in Iran and protest against the Iranian government (and live in Iran) take risks. People who start businesses take risks. American college students doing what their professors want them to do are not taking risks.

It's possible that Troy Davis may be a worthy cause, but it devalues the word "risk" to apply it in this situation.

Posted by: david foster at October 6, 2009 5:53 PM



I failed to note any mention of trying to determine the facts of the case. Or is that sort of thing too old fashioned for a modern university training mercenary rhetoricians?

Posted by: Annoying Old Guy at October 7, 2009 10:03 AM



Reposted this at: www.campusreform.org/articles/crossing-the-line-in-the-classroom

Posted by: Bonnie Kristian at October 8, 2009 9:00 AM



To be fair, the second paragraph does discuss the facts of the case.

Posted by: Peter Shoemaker at October 9, 2009 6:12 AM



she turned her freshman comp class into an activist workshop.

But so what? American University is a private, Methodist-affiliated university. Its mission statement says that its "distinctive feature...is its capacity ... to turn ideas into action ... by emphasizing the arts and sciences, then connecting them to the issues of contemporary public affairs writ large, notably in the areas of government, communication, business, law, and international service." It seems to me that AU wants its instructors to save the world on company time.

It seems to me Puglisi's pedagogy aligns pretty well with AU's explicitly activist mission. It seems to me that not only is she on the side of the angels, she's also on the side of her own employer. In any event, if she's not that's for AU itself to determine, not for us here in the peanut gallery, and FWIW, in an email, Puglisi tells me she has received "nothing but complete support" from AU.

Doesn't a private institution have a right to teach its own students in accordance with its own mission? And if we happen not to like that mission, shouldn't we criticize the institution and its mission rather than the instructor who tries to implement that mission?

Of course, none of this is to say that Puglisi's Davis project is a good model for public institutions, whose mission necessarily differs from AU's.

Posted by: Eveningsun at October 9, 2009 11:09 AM



Eveningsun,
This was a freshman composition class. And no, the mission statement wouldn't permit it because it doesn't say anying about students having to kowtow to their prof's political agendas.

Posted by: AYY at October 9, 2009 10:29 PM



Perhaps as an AU alum this is why I still thank God that my AP credits got me out of College Writing. That said, university mission statements, turning a freshman composition class at a private university into a tool of the teacher's agenda may be legal, but it's still deeply dishonest to the students, and deprives them of what they SHOULD be taught in such a course--namely how to write well, not what to think.

Posted by: Dave J. at October 10, 2009 3:33 PM



For what it's worth, a little googling suggests that despite the article-writer's misleading description of her "simple writing course," she was actually teaching a graduate-level class. I can't tell from the AU Web site which specific class it was or whether students pursuing a graduate degree in Public Communication are required to take it.

Posted by: Jeff at October 10, 2009 8:13 PM



Jeff is right--it was not a freshman comp class. The class appears to have been COMM-644: Public Communication Writing, a graduate course whose description reads as follows:

Explores writing for strategic communication and the relationship among audience, message structure and medium. Develops practical skills in the preparation of news releases, pitch letters, brochure copy, speeches, web site materials, opinion pieces, broadcast applications, magazine features, and advertising copy.

Sounds like a course in PR--and a course just begging to be taught using a "project-centered" pedagogy. And again, given that we're talking about a private university, I see no problem with that project having a political slant. (What's so political about the Troy Davis project, anyway? As I understand it, the goal is not to get Davis released, merely to get him genuine due process. Are conservatives now against justice itself?)

Posted by: Eveningsun at October 12, 2009 10:24 AM



David,
Please don't define this as a partisan discussion ("Are conservatives now against justice itself?"). That's just not useful, and it's baiting. And besides, I'm personally pretty sick of being equated with "conservatives." I'm me, okay? Just like you are you--I don't equate you with "liberals" and I also don't go on and on on this blog about "liberals" this and "liberals" that. FWIW, I fit far more readily into a libertarian framework than a conservative one. That would be why I am pro-choice, agnostic, and pro-legalized marijuana, to name a very few of my decidedly not conservative positions.

Posted by: Erin O'Connor at October 12, 2009 10:53 AM



I thought it was worth clarifying that this was a graduate class and not a freshman writing course, but I still have serious doubts about this kind of thing. What if a student gets halfway through the semester and, having reviewed all the facts, comes to a different conclusion about the justness of the cause? What place is there for individual conscience in a course that assumes only one way of looking at things? I can easily see from the article what the fourteen students accomplished as activists, but it's not clear to me what specific skills or new body of knowledge they acquired as students. As someone who lives and works near A.U. and occasionally hires entry-level copywriters and editors for a small business, I find that omission telling.

Posted by: Jeff at October 12, 2009 12:05 PM



Jeff, in the scenario you ask us to consider, perhaps the disaffected students could take their concerns to the instructor and work out some alternative way to complete the course--perhaps by serving as a loyal opposition or devil's advocate for the rest of the group. Maybe I have to go back and read a bit more carefully, but I don't remember reading anything in the article ruling such a solution out. I doubt that Puglisi is such an ogre as to refuse a request for some such accommodation, or so uncreative as to be unable to think of one.

Even if such an accommodation were not possible, the disaffected students could simply finish the project "under protest," as it were. (I assume that PR professionals, like lawyers, sometimes find themselves advancing causes with which they personally disagree.) At worst, it seems to me, such a student would be in the same position as a student at Liberty University who discovers mid-semester that he no longer believes in God--an unfortunate circumstance, no doubt, but I wouldn't use its possibility to argue against LU's right to a Christian-activist pedagogy.

Erin, I didn't mean to refer to you personally, and I apologize for suggesting otherwise. FWIW, I would think libertarianism would smile upon the idea of a private institution pursuing its own agenda and pushing the pedagogical envelope. The greater flexibility of private institutions makes them a good testing ground for new ideas; why lace them into the same straitjacket as public institutions?

Posted by: Eveningsun at October 12, 2009 1:49 PM



I'm not sure your counter-example works, Eveningsun. American U., nominally Methodist, states on its Web site that the school "endorses the Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure issued jointly in 1940 by the American Association of University Professors and the Association of American Colleges." Across town, Catholic University's faculty handbook also endorses a mainstream definition of academic freedom, making one famously glaring exception for its theologians.

Meanwhile, Liberty University's faculty application narrowly and explicitly defines "academic freedom" within the bounds of a Christian doctrinal statement, an explicitly Christian philosophy of education, and a code of Christian professional ethics.

It's worth thinking, as you have, about whether or not the mission statements of private schools really mean what they say, or whether most of them mean anything at all, but I doubt the folks at A.U. intended their rhetoric about "turning ideas into action" to indicate that they're more dogmatic about mission statements than Catholic is, or as far outside the educational mainstream as Liberty is.

Posted by: Jeff at October 12, 2009 2:47 PM



Jeff, I wonder if you have a problem with all the graduate students in the sciences who are forced to work on projects they neither conceived nor planned. That is to say, a corporate donor gave money to a lab to accomplish something, the professor running the lab chooses his grad student helpers, and that's that. Sure, the student can say no, but they s/he's ostracized a professor in his/her field.

Personally, I think both situations are wrong. Because political advocacy is no different, in an academic setting, than corporate advocacy.

Posted by: Luther Blissett at October 17, 2009 8:45 AM



Luther,

Corporate advocacy? What you described was research, not advocacy.

Posted by: AYY at October 17, 2009 10:53 PM





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