December 14, 2009
Pressing colleges harder
Here's ACTA president Anne Neal in the Washington Examiner:
With the unemployment rate in double digits, the nation's attention is squarely focused on jobs. Recently, the White House hosted a jobs forum at which President Obama called on the country to "get to work" to make this another "American century."The president specifically called on our universities to see what they "can do to better support and prepare our workers -- not just for the jobs of today, but for the jobs five years from now and 10 years from now and 50 years from now."
The truth is, no one knows exactly what the jobs of the future will look like. But we do know a few things.
One is that people are changing jobs more and more often -- 10.8 times between the ages of 18 and 42, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. This suggests the need for a firm grounding in the foundational skills and knowledge that cut across jobs.
The same can be said for the jobs of the future. We know that whatever they may be, these jobs, like those of today, will demand certain basic aptitudes. These include writing a coherent paragraph, making sense of a written document and performing basic mathematical operations.
We also know, and have known for quite some time now, that universities are not doing their part in this regard. A staggering number of college graduates lack these basic skills: According to the latest National Assessment of Adult Literacy, merely 31 percent of college graduates can read and understand a complex book. Sixty-nine percent can't compute and compare the per-ounce cost of different food items.
If our college graduates can't find their way around a supermarket, how are they to compete in the globalized economy?
And if this is to be another American century, we don't just need excellent workers. We also need an educated body of citizens.
Here, too, our universities are failing us. According to one recent survey, more than a third of our college graduates cannot name the three branches of government, and barely half can identify the underlying principle of free-market economies.
The truth is, we shouldn't be surprised that our college graduates know so little. At our leading universities, students can graduate without having taken a single class in such crucial subjects as mathematics, American government or economics. As a recent report by the American Council of Trustees and Alumni showed, less than 5 percent of our top colleges require economics, only 11 percent require U.S. government or history, and nearly half allow students to graduate without having taken college-level mathematics.
An article in the Chronicle of Higher Ed this morning echoes Neal's message:
Colleges have never been very good at demonstrating how their education programs prepare their graduates for jobs, or how their research might create new jobs.That's partly because the connection is not so easy to quantify—and partly because many of the people who run colleges and who teach there are still a tad uncomfortable thinking of themselves as cogs in America's work-force-training and economic-development machine.
But with high unemployment levels still dominating the nation's political and business discourse--even President Obama, at this month's White House jobs summit, exhorted American universities to better prepare workers for the jobs of today and tomorrow—college leaders are realizing that they need to do more to measure and document their impact on the economy as well as actually help it along.
A lot of this recent measuring activity is voluntary, although no doubt it's inspired by a hearty dose of political realism.
I'm alive to the argument that the last thing higher ed needs is more bureaucracy, more middle managers, more paperwork, and more expense. Outcomes assessment promises all those things. At the same time, colleges and universities have a real responsibility to prepare students for life after graduation--and to ensure that their diplomas are actually meaningful documents. The way you do that is by proving that the people you graduate have the core skills and knowledge that they need for work, for citizenship, and for life. The challenge is for faculties to step forward and take the lead here -- to take seriously the need for real information about what students are learning and for real curricular reform in line with students' needs, and to find ways to ensure that they give students the education they need, with a minimum of external fuss, forms, and bother. Any takers?
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Most colleges and universities take up "outcomes assessment" at the behest of accreditation agencies — which seem to be staffed largely by extraordinarily unimaginative recyclers of edu-speak. If we can get accreditation agencies that care about genuine academic achievement, rather than, say, "values-based outcomes," then those agencies can put legitimate and serious pressure on colleges and universities to clean up their acts. But what are the chances of that happening? Who will police the policers?
Honestly, if you can't read or do simple fractions by the time you're in college then teaching that in college is far too little, too late. Colleges shouldn't be tasked with cleaning up the mess left by the rest of the educational system as a last ditch effort to teach these kids the basics, if for no other reason than that would be an enormously expensive and inefficient way to go about it even if they were capable of it. It seems to me that where colleges are falling down on the job is letting unprepared students matriculate in the first place. If they stopped admitting students who couldn't identify the three branches of government or compare the cost of food items the problem, and the pressure to fix it, would be laid back at the feet of the parents and institutions whose responsibility it was in the first place.
Is there any actual evidence that Americans are losing out to non-Americans in *getting* jobs? We might lose out to other nations in creating jobs in the first place; or we might lose out to other nations in competing for jobs at the lowest possible wage. But it seems like there's a slim percentage of US jobs that are hired out to non-US citizens because of ability (and the US exports plenty of citizens to do these jobs in other nations, so it's probably pretty balanced).
I'm not saying students shouldn't be tested. Test all you want. Testing creates jobs! But I don't think unemployment today is caused by failure to write coherent paragraphs. That logic is whack.
This discussion of academe's responsibility to the job market, assessment as a vehicle for progress, etc. amuses me. Academic institutions exist in an environment dominated by external influences and are keenly aware of where they funding flows from. In the US, with our saturated higher education marketplace, there is also keen competition between institutions for resources. The awarding of college degrees to students who can't write simple paragraphs, do simple math, or think their way out of the proverbial paper-bag is an inevitable consequence of the increase in American affluence over the past 60+ years that has led to ever larger legions of young people flooding into the halls of the academy. For many institutions, students equate directly to tuition dollars which provides a strong incentive to keep the doors open and the students coming. These "market forces" provide an inevitable pressure that drives expectations downward at the majority of institutions that rely on tuition dollars to keep the lights on. At those institutions endowed enough to not be forced into viewing students as revenue, the same market pressures encourage the raising of academic expectations as this is what employers of their students desire. The problem of lower standards is, consequently, unlikely to improve until their is a divorce between academic funding and tuition (in whatever form that might take).
The reality is hat our undergraduate population is poorly prepared for the rigors of higher education (done right) and that our system of 4-yr baccalaureate degrees was never really meant to handle the volume of students we try to push through the system today. The problem begins in our primary and secondary education systems and it is naive to think that 4 years is going to serve as a fix for 13 years of public primary education that is driven by least common denominators. Until we can fix problems there, our higher education system will remain what it is - the best in the world in a small percentage of our institutions and mediocre to shoddy in a larger fraction of the remainder.
pr0phet -- Well said, and just be aware that you are pretty much preaching to the choir over here. This site has made the points you make many times over the years, as have many of my commenters. Every post can't make every point--and this one just touches on one issue among many. So the post you see above was not written with no awareness of the issues you raise, but with full recognition that these large, intractable problems are there as a backdrop for every discussion we have about reforming higher ed -- and K-12, which I write about a lot here, too.
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